Sustainable Free‐Standing Electrode from Biomass Waste for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Battery sustainability is often neglected in favor of higher performance and economic efficiency battery technology. The standard electrode containing the use binder toxic solvent has a detrimental impact on environment. For first time, sustainable free-standing carbonized silk anode prepared from woven biomass waste. unique mechanical structural properties surface functionality make this material not only avoid organic solvent, but with possibility achieving high energy density batteries. An outstanding initial Coulombic 75.6 % remarkable capacity retention 100 after cycles are achieved for at 1300 °C (CS_1300 °C) when using non-volatile non-flammable superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte. A uniformly NaF-distributed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer produced CS_1300 to facilitate Na+ transfer kinetics, utilization. Surface functional groups elucidated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while theory calculations reveal that these accelerate fast ion adsorption surface, hinder intercalation kinetics due strong binding sodiophilic sites. This scalable cost-efficient strategy opens up new avenue mass-production materials, proposes an argument role SEI formation electrochemical performance.